Measuring iron deposits within focal lesions in patients presenting clinically isolated syndrome

Postprint (author's final draft

Measuring cervical cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis patients. A longitudinal MRI study

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Correlation between brain volume change and T2 relaxation time in patients with clinically isolated syndrome

Postprint (published version

Comparison between gadolinium-enhanced 2D T1-weighted gradient-echo and spin-echo sequences in the detection of active multiple sclerosis lesions on 3.0T MRI

Objectives To compare the sensitivity of enhancing multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in gadolinium-enhanced 2D T1-weighted gradient-echo (GRE) and spin-echo (SE) sequences, and to assess the influence of visual conspicuity and laterality on detection of these lesions. Methods One hundred MS patients underwent 3.0T brain MRI including gadolinium-enhanced 2D T1-weighted GRE and SE sequences. The two sets of contrast-enhanced scans were evaluated in random fashion by three experienced readers. Lesion conspicuity was assessed by the image contrast ratio (CR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The intracranial region was divided into four quadrants and the impact of lesion location on detection was assessed in each slice. Results Six hundred and seven gadolinium-enhancing MS lesions were identified. GRE images were more sensitive for lesion detection (0.828) than SE images (0.767). Lesions showed a higher CR in SE than in GRE images, whereas the CNR was higher in GRE than SE. Most misclassifications occurred in the right posterior quadrant. Conclusions The gadolinium-enhanced 2D T1-weighted GRE sequence at 3.0T MRI enables detection of enhancing MS lesions with higher sensitivity and better lesion conspicuity than 2D T1-weighted SE. Hence, we propose the use of gadolinium-enhanced GRE sequences rather than SE sequences for routine scanning of MS patients at 3.0T. Key Points • 2D SE and GRE sequences are useful for detecting active MS lesions. • Which of these sequences is more sensitive at high field remains uncertain. • GRE sequence showed better sensitivity for detecting active MS lesions than SE. • We propose GRE sequence for detecting active MS lesions at 3.0T.Postprint (author's final draft

Depósitos de Fe en lesiones focales de pacientes diagnosticados de síndrome clínicamente aislado

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MR imaging findings in primary spinal cord glioblastoma

Tumors glials; Tumors primaris de medul·la espinal; Glioblastoma de la medul·la espinalTumores gliales; Tumores primarios de la médula espinal; Glioblastoma de la médula espinalGlial tumors; Primary spinal cord tumors; Spinal cord glioblastomaSpinal cord glioblastoma is a rare disease, with an aggressive course and a poor prognosis. We describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, in 3 adult cases of biopsy-confirmed glioblastoma. Conventional MRI findings were unclear with regard to the differential diagnosis between this rare tumor and other more common spinal cord lesions, including less aggressive tumors such as ependymoma or pilocytic astrocytoma, abscesses or tumefactive demyelinating lesions. After reasonable exclusion of infectious/inflammatory conditions, a final diagnosis of glioblastoma was established based on histopathological analysis. The cases reported reflect the difficulty of early radiological diagnosis of spinal cord glioblastoma, and indicate the need to perform a biopsy once inflammatory-infectious conditions are excluded with appropriate laboratory tests

Correlación entre cambios de volumen cerebral y el tiempo de relajación T2 en pacientes con síndrome clínicamente aislado

Postprint (author's final draft

MR imaging findings in primary spinal cord glioblastoma

Spinal cord glioblastoma is a rare disease, with an aggressive course and a poor prognosis. We describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, in 3 adult cases of biopsy-confirmed glioblastoma. Conventional MRI findings were unclear with regard to the differential diagnosis between this rare tumor and other more common spinal cord lesions, including less aggressive tumors such as ependymoma or pilocytic astrocytoma, abscesses or tumefactive demyelinating lesions. After reasonable exclusion of infectious/inflammatory conditions, a final diagnosis of glioblastoma was established based on histopathological analysis. The cases reported reflect the difficulty of early radiological diagnosis of spinal cord glioblastoma, and indicate the need to perform a biopsy once inflammatory-infectious conditions are excluded with appropriate laboratory tests

Correlación entre cambio en volumen cerebral y tiempo de relajaciónen T2 en pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome clinicamente aislado (correlation between brain volume change and T2 relaxation time in patiennts with clinically isolated syndrome)

Postprint (published version

Policy Appraisal Actores locales y modelos de gobernanza sostenible

El COMET-LA (COmmunity-based Management of EnvironmenTal challenges in Latin America) es un proyecto de investigación y cooperación enfocado a buscar soluciones locales para prevenir y resolver tensiones derivadas del uso y aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales. El objetivo principal es identificar modelos comunitarios de gobernanza y gestión sostenible de los recursos naturales útiles para diferentes Sistemas Socio-Ecológicos (SES), en el actual contexto de cambio climático y de creciente competitividad en el uso de estos recursos. La gobernanza en el manejo sostenible de los recursos naturales, es un concepto basado en los derechos humanos y la equidad. En ocasiones, los beneficios de la naturaleza no se distribuyen de manera equitativa, y los recursos naturales están gestionados de manera poco eficiente. Para corregir estas situaciones, los modelos de gobernanza incluyen normas, instituciones y procesos que determinan el ejercicio del poder y las responsabilidades, la toma de decisiones y la participación ciudadana en el manejo de los recursos naturales. Proponen, por lo tanto, una relación articulada entre actores, instituciones y normas o leye